The Importance of Sustainable Research

Oct 13, 2025 by thesweetdesigns.com 46 views

Background

Gastric ulcers are a common digestive disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The condition is often caused by a combination of factors, including infection by Helicobacter pylori, unhealthy eating habits, and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The stomach is a vital organ in the digestive process, located between the esophagus and duodenum, and plays a crucial role in processing food. The increasing number of patients with gastric ulcers every year is a serious concern in the health sector, highlighting the need for effective treatment strategies. In this context, it is essential to analyze the effectiveness of the costs of the treatment given to patients who are hospitalized.

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the cost of using drugs in stomach ulcer patients who are hospitalized in Panyabungan Regional Hospital during the period January to December 2018. The study aims to identify the most cost-effective therapy for gastric ulcer treatment, which can help reduce healthcare costs and improve patient outcomes.

Method

This research uses a cohort analysis method to analyze the data collected from medical records of patients with gastric ulcers who meet the specified criteria. A total of 17 patients were included in the study, and the data was collected retrospectively. To analyze the cost and effectiveness of gastric ulcer treatment, the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) method was used. Through the calculation of the cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), this study seeks to identify the most cost-effective therapy.

Results

The results of the study showed that gastric ulcer disease was more common in women, with 10 out of 17 patients (59%) being female, aged between 18 to 27 years. The most commonly used drugs in treatment were metronidazole antibiotics, while proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole were widely prescribed. Ranitidine was used as a histamine inhibitor. The most widely used therapeutic model was model A, while model I showed the lowest therapy cost. On the other hand, therapeutic models B, E, F, and I showed the highest effectiveness. However, after further analysis, therapeutic model B (combination of metronidazole, omeprazole, and simetidine) was found to be the most cost-effective model.

Conclusion

Based on the results of the analysis, the therapeutic model B (Metronidazole, Omeprazole, and Simetidine) is the most cost-effective gastric ulcer treatment. This discovery provides guidance to clinical practice and contributes to the development of more effective and efficient health policies, especially in managing patient care costs. The study highlights the importance of cost-effectiveness analysis in healthcare decision-making and provides a framework for future research in this area.

The Importance of Sustainable Research

Research on the effectiveness of costs in the treatment of gastric disorders must continue, considering the influence of various factors, including changes in eating patterns and habits of drug use in the community. Further studies are needed to explore alternative therapies that may be more effective at lower costs. This research is expected to be the basis for the development of a treatment model that is not only efficient in terms of cost but also high quality to improve patient welfare.

Limitations of the Study

This study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the retrospective nature of the data collection. The study only included patients who were hospitalized in Panyabungan Regional Hospital, which may not be representative of the broader population. Additionally, the study did not account for other factors that may influence the effectiveness of gastric ulcer treatment, such as patient compliance and follow-up care.

Future Directions

Future research should aim to explore alternative therapies that may be more effective at lower costs. The study highlights the need for further research in this area, including the development of more effective and efficient treatment models. Additionally, the study suggests the importance of cost-effectiveness analysis in healthcare decision-making, which should be explored further in future research.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of gastric ulcer treatment costs in inpatients at Panyabungan Regional Hospital. The study highlights the importance of cost-effectiveness analysis in healthcare decision-making and provides a framework for future research in this area. The study's findings have implications for clinical practice and healthcare policy, and highlight the need for further research in this area.

Q: What is a gastric ulcer?

A: A gastric ulcer is a type of digestive disorder that occurs when the lining of the stomach is damaged, causing stomach acid to leak into the stomach and cause ulcers.

Q: What are the common causes of gastric ulcers?

A: The common causes of gastric ulcers include infection by Helicobacter pylori, unhealthy eating habits, and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Q: What are the symptoms of gastric ulcers?

A: The symptoms of gastric ulcers include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing.

Q: How are gastric ulcers diagnosed?

A: Gastric ulcers are diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy and biopsy.

Q: What are the treatment options for gastric ulcers?

A: The treatment options for gastric ulcers include medication, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and antibiotics, and lifestyle changes, such as avoiding NSAIDs and eating a healthy diet.

Q: What is the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) method?

A: The cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) method is a type of economic evaluation that compares the costs and benefits of different treatment options to determine which one is the most cost-effective.

Q: What is the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER)?

A: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) is a measure of the additional cost of a treatment option compared to the next best alternative, divided by the additional benefit of the treatment option.

Q: What is the most cost-effective treatment for gastric ulcers?

A: According to the study, the most cost-effective treatment for gastric ulcers is the combination of metronidazole, omeprazole, and simetidine.

Q: What are the limitations of the study?

A: The study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the retrospective nature of the data collection.

Q: What are the implications of the study for clinical practice and healthcare policy?

A: The study highlights the importance of cost-effectiveness analysis in healthcare decision-making and provides a framework for future research in this area.

Q: What are the future directions for research in this area?

A: Future research should aim to explore alternative therapies that may be more effective at lower costs and to develop more effective and efficient treatment models.

Q: How can patients and healthcare providers use the findings of this study?

A: Patients and healthcare providers can use the findings of this study to inform treatment decisions and to develop more effective and efficient treatment models.

Q: What are the potential benefits of using cost-effectiveness analysis in healthcare decision-making?

A: The potential benefits of using cost-effectiveness analysis in healthcare decision-making include improved patient outcomes, reduced healthcare costs, and more efficient use of resources.

Q: What are the potential challenges of using cost-effectiveness analysis in healthcare decision-making?

A: The potential challenges of using cost-effectiveness analysis in healthcare decision-making include the complexity of the analysis, the need for high-quality data, and the potential for bias in the analysis.