Socioeconomic Interventions

Oct 13, 2025 by thesweetdesigns.com 107 views

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Congenital Abnormalities in Newborns in the General Hospital of Adam Malik Hajj Medan in 2012-2015

Introduction

Congenital abnormalities are disorders that have existed from birth and can be caused by various factors, both genetic and non-genetic. This disorder can have a serious impact on the survival of the fetus, has the potential to end up with abortion, death, or live births but with poor quality. In Indonesia, the prevalence of congenital abnormalities reaches 59.3 per 1000 live births. In addition, around 276,000 babies worldwide die every year due to innate abnormalities. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors for innate abnormalities in newborns in Adam Malik Hajj Hospital in Medan during the 2012 to 2015 period.

Background of the Study

Congenital abnormalities are a significant public health concern in Indonesia, with a high prevalence rate of 59.3 per 1000 live births. These abnormalities can have a devastating impact on the lives of newborns and their families, leading to increased healthcare costs, emotional distress, and long-term disabilities. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of congenital abnormalities is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies.

Research Methods

This study uses a descriptive method with cross-sectional design, which is presented in the form of frequency distribution tables. The sample was determined using a total sampling technique, including all newborns in zero-aged up to 28 days diagnosed with congenital abnormalities at the Adam Malik Hajj General Hospital in Medan between 2012 and 2015. In this study, 84 patients were taken from medical record data that fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Research Design

The research design used in this study is a cross-sectional design, which involves collecting data from a sample of newborns diagnosed with congenital abnormalities at the Adam Malik Hajj General Hospital in Medan between 2012 and 2015. The data was collected from medical records and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Data Collection

The data was collected from medical records of newborns diagnosed with congenital abnormalities at the Adam Malik Hajj General Hospital in Medan between 2012 and 2015. The data included demographic information, type of congenital abnormality, and socioeconomic status of the parents.

Data Analysis

The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency distribution tables and percentages. The results were presented in the form of tables and figures to facilitate understanding.

Research Result

Of the total 84 babies diagnosed with congenital abnormalities, 69% are male and 31% of women. The most common type of congenital abnormalities is abnormalities in the gastrointestinal system (48.8%), followed by abnormalities in the cardiovascular system (22.2%), abnormalities in the nervous system (10.7%), multiple innate abnormalities (3.6 %), and chromosomal abnormalities (1.2%).

Conclusion

From this study, a prevalence of congenital abnormalities was obtained by 18.9%. The most significant risk factor for identified congenital abnormalities is low socioeconomic status, which reaches 51.2% of total patients. This finding shows that socioeconomic factors play an important role in the health of newborns and emphasize the need for more attention to a risky group.

Discussion

The results of this study indicate that congenital abnormalities are a significant public health concern in Indonesia, with a high prevalence rate of 59.3 per 1000 live births. The most common type of congenital abnormalities is abnormalities in the gastrointestinal system, followed by abnormalities in the cardiovascular system. The most significant risk factor for identified congenital abnormalities is low socioeconomic status, which reaches 51.2% of total patients.

Implication of the Study

The findings of this study have significant implications for public health policy and practice. The high prevalence of congenital abnormalities in Indonesia highlights the need for effective prevention and intervention strategies. The most significant risk factor for identified congenital abnormalities is low socioeconomic status, which emphasizes the need for more attention to a risky group.

Recommendation

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Public Health Education: Public health education programs should be implemented to raise awareness about the risk factors of congenital abnormalities and the importance of prenatal care.
Improving Health Services: Health services should be improved to ensure that all pregnant women have access to prenatal care and health services.
Socioeconomic Interventions: Socioeconomic interventions should be implemented to address the socioeconomic factors that contribute to the risk of congenital abnormalities.
Research and Development: Further research and development are needed to identify effective prevention and intervention strategies for congenital abnormalities.

Limitation of the Study

This study has several limitations, including:

Sample Size: The sample size of this study is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
Data Collection: The data was collected from medical records, which may not be comprehensive or accurate.
Research Design: The research design used in this study is a cross-sectional design, which may not be able to establish causality.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on:

Identifying Effective Prevention and Intervention Strategies: Further research is needed to identify effective prevention and intervention strategies for congenital abnormalities.
Addressing Socioeconomic Factors: Socioeconomic factors should be addressed to reduce the risk of congenital abnormalities.
Improving Health Services: Health services should be improved to ensure that all pregnant women have access to prenatal care and health services.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and risk factors of congenital abnormalities in newborns in the General Hospital of Adam Malik Hajj Medan in 2012-2015. The findings of this study highlight the need for effective prevention and intervention strategies, public health education, and improving health services. Further research is needed to identify effective prevention and intervention strategies and to address socioeconomic factors that contribute to the risk of congenital abnormalities.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Congenital Abnormalities

Q: What are congenital abnormalities?

A: Congenital abnormalities are disorders that have existed from birth and can be caused by various factors, both genetic and non-genetic. These abnormalities can have a serious impact on the survival of the fetus, has the potential to end up with abortion, death, or live births but with poor quality.

Q: What are the common types of congenital abnormalities?

A: The most common types of congenital abnormalities include:

Abnormalities in the gastrointestinal system (48.8%)
Abnormalities in the cardiovascular system (22.2%)
Abnormalities in the nervous system (10.7%)
Multiple innate abnormalities (3.6 %)
Chromosomal abnormalities (1.2%)

Q: What are the risk factors for congenital abnormalities?

A: The most significant risk factor for identified congenital abnormalities is low socioeconomic status, which reaches 51.2% of total patients. Other risk factors include:

Exposure to inadequate harmful substances and nutrients
Poor prenatal care
Family history of congenital abnormalities
Maternal age
Multiple pregnancies

Q: How can congenital abnormalities be prevented?

A: Congenital abnormalities can be prevented by:

Good pregnancy planning
Routine health checks
Access to nutritional supplements
Avoiding exposure to inadequate harmful substances and nutrients
Ensuring proper prenatal care

Q: What are the implications of congenital abnormalities for public health?

A: Congenital abnormalities have significant implications for public health, including:

Increased healthcare costs
Emotional distress for families
Long-term disabilities for newborns
Need for effective prevention and intervention strategies

Q: What are the recommendations for addressing congenital abnormalities?

A: The following recommendations are made:

Public Health Education: Public health education programs should be implemented to raise awareness about the risk factors of congenital abnormalities and the importance of prenatal care.
Improving Health Services: Health services should be improved to ensure that all pregnant women have access to prenatal care and health services.
Socioeconomic Interventions: Socioeconomic interventions should be implemented to address the socioeconomic factors that contribute to the risk of congenital abnormalities.
Research and Development: Further research and development are needed to identify effective prevention and intervention strategies for congenital abnormalities.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: This study has several limitations, including:

Sample Size: The sample size of this study is relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
Data Collection: The data was collected from medical records, which may not be comprehensive or accurate.
Research Design: The research design used in this study is a cross-sectional design, which may not be able to establish causality.

Q: What are the future research directions for addressing congenital abnormalities?

A: Future research should focus on:

Identifying Effective Prevention and Intervention Strategies: Further research is needed to identify effective prevention and intervention strategies for congenital abnormalities.
Addressing Socioeconomic Factors: Socioeconomic factors should be addressed to reduce the risk of congenital abnormalities.
Improving Health Services: Health services should be improved to ensure that all pregnant women have access to prenatal care and health services.

Q: What can families do to reduce the risk of congenital abnormalities?

A: Families can reduce the risk of congenital abnormalities by:

Ensuring proper prenatal care
Avoiding exposure to inadequate harmful substances and nutrients
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle
Getting regular health checks
Seeking medical attention if any concerns arise during pregnancy.