Increase the compliance of pregnant women in consuming FE tablets

Oct 13, 2025 by thesweetdesigns.com 81 views

Relationship of Risk Factors and Anemia Events as an Alternative to Anemia in Pregnant Women in Sibolga City in 2004

Introduction

Anemia is a significant public health concern in Indonesia, particularly among pregnant women. Despite the implementation of the Anemia Prevention Program by giving iron tablets (FE) since 1975, the prevalence of nutritional anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia still reaches 51% (1). In North Sumatra, the situation is even more alarming, with a prevalence of 78.4% in 1997 (2). This study aims to reveal the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the city of Sibolga in 2004.

Background

The Anemia Prevention Program has been implemented in Indonesia since 1975, with the goal of reducing the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women. However, despite the program's efforts, the prevalence of anemia remains high, particularly in North Sumatra. A household health survey in 1995 showed that the prevalence of nutritional anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia was 51% (1). In North Sumatra, the prevalence was even higher, at 78.4% in 1997 (2). This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with anemia in pregnant women in the city of Sibolga.

Methodology

This study used a case-control design, comparing a group of anemia pregnant women (cases) with a group of pregnant women not anemia (control). The study involved 269 pregnant women with 12 weeks' gestation and maternal age 20-35 years. The study used a questionnaire to collect data on the risk factors associated with anemia, including nutritional status (BMI), lila size, energy consumption, protein consumption, iron consumption, vitamin C consumption, and FE tablet consumption.

Results

The results showed a significant relationship at the 95% confidence level between several risk factors and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the city of Sibolga. These risk factors include:

Nutritional status (BMI) with p = 0.008 and OR = 2.47. This shows that pregnant women with a lack of nutritional status (low IMT) have a higher risk of developing anemia.
Lila size with p = 0,000 and OR = 5.3. Pregnant women with a low lila size have a risk of 5.3 times higher experiencing anemia than pregnant women with a normal lila size.
Energy consumption with p = 0,000 and OR = 7.39. Lack of daily energy consumption significantly increases the risk of anemia in pregnant women.
Consumption of protein with p = 0,000 and OR = 7.21. Pregnant women with low protein intake have a risk of 7.21 times higher experiencing anemia.
Iron consumption with P = 0,000 and OR = 7.04. Inadequate iron intake is a major factor that contributes to the occurrence of anemia.
Consumption of vitamin C with p = 0.021 and OR = 2.03. Although lower than other risk factors, vitamin C deficiency also increases the risk of anemia.
Consumption of FE tablets with P = 0,000 and OR = 8.19. These results indicate that pregnant women who do not regularly consume FE tablets have a risk of 8.19 times higher experiencing anemia.

Discussion

The results of this study show that several risk factors are associated with anemia in pregnant women in the city of Sibolga. These risk factors include nutritional status (BMI), lila size, energy consumption, protein consumption, iron consumption, vitamin C consumption, and FE tablet consumption. The study also found that FE tablet consumption is the most dominant factor in increasing the risk of anemia in pregnant women in the city of Sibolga.

Conclusion

This study provides an important picture of the relationship of risk factors with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the city of Sibolga. The results can be a foundation for an effective intervention program to reduce the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in the area. By increasing compliance with FE tablet consumption and increasing knowledge about anemia, it is hoped that the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women can be reduced and the health of pregnant women and the fetus can be maintained properly.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Increase the compliance of pregnant women in consuming FE tablets as one of the main strategies in the prevention and control of anemia.
Provide education about the importance of adequate intake of iron and vitamin C, as well as the importance of regularly consuming FE tablets as recommended.
Implement effective interventions through changes in the behavior of pregnant women with an approach to counseling or communication, information, and education (IEC) programs.
Emphasize the importance of information and education about anemia through various health education platforms, including Posyandu, Puskesmas, and others.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

The study was conducted in a specific area, the city of Sibolga, and may not be generalizable to other areas.
The study used a case-control design, which may be subject to bias.
The study relied on self-reported data, which may be subject to recall bias.

Future Research

Future research should aim to:

Validate the findings of this study in other areas.
Explore the effectiveness of interventions aimed at increasing compliance with FE tablet consumption and increasing knowledge about anemia.
Investigate the role of other risk factors associated with anemia in pregnant women.

References

(1) Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. (1995). Household Health Survey.

(2) North Sumatra Provincial Health Office. (1997). Health Profile of North Sumatra Province.

Appendices

Appendix 1: Questionnaire used in the study.

Appendix 2: Data analysis plan.

Appendix 3: Results of the study.

Appendix 4: Discussion of the results.

Appendix 5: Conclusion and recommendations.

Appendix 6: Limitations of the study.

Appendix 7: Future research directions.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Anemia in Pregnant Women

Q: What is anemia in pregnant women?

A: Anemia in pregnant women is a condition where the body does not have enough red blood cells or the red blood cells do not have enough hemoglobin, which is a protein that carries oxygen to the body's tissues.

Q: What are the risk factors for anemia in pregnant women?

A: The risk factors for anemia in pregnant women include:

Nutritional status (BMI): Pregnant women with a low BMI are at a higher risk of developing anemia.
Lila size: Pregnant women with a low lila size are at a higher risk of developing anemia.
Energy consumption: Pregnant women who do not consume enough energy are at a higher risk of developing anemia.
Consumption of protein: Pregnant women who do not consume enough protein are at a higher risk of developing anemia.
Iron consumption: Pregnant women who do not consume enough iron are at a higher risk of developing anemia.
Consumption of vitamin C: Pregnant women who do not consume enough vitamin C are at a higher risk of developing anemia.
Consumption of FE tablets: Pregnant women who do not regularly consume FE tablets are at a higher risk of developing anemia.

Q: What are the symptoms of anemia in pregnant women?

A: The symptoms of anemia in pregnant women include:

Fatigue: Feeling tired or weak
Shortness of breath: Feeling like you cannot catch your breath
Dizziness: Feeling like you are going to pass out
Headaches: Feeling like you have a headache
Pale skin: Skin that is pale or yellowish in color

Q: How can anemia in pregnant women be prevented?

A: Anemia in pregnant women can be prevented by:

Eating a balanced diet: Eating a diet that is rich in iron, protein, and other essential nutrients.
Taking FE tablets: Taking FE tablets as recommended by your healthcare provider.
Getting regular check-ups: Getting regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your iron levels and overall health.
Avoiding smoking and excessive drinking: Avoiding smoking and excessive drinking, which can increase the risk of anemia.

Q: What are the consequences of anemia in pregnant women?

A: The consequences of anemia in pregnant women can include:

Preterm labor: Anemia can increase the risk of preterm labor.
Low birth weight: Anemia can increase the risk of low birth weight.
Increased risk of infection: Anemia can increase the risk of infection.
Increased risk of complications during delivery: Anemia can increase the risk of complications during delivery.

Q: How can anemia in pregnant women be treated?

A: Anemia in pregnant women can be treated by:

Taking iron supplements: Taking iron supplements as recommended by your healthcare provider.
Eating a balanced diet: Eating a diet that is rich in iron, protein, and other essential nutrients.
Getting regular check-ups: Getting regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your iron levels and overall health.
Avoiding smoking and excessive drinking: Avoiding smoking and excessive drinking, which can increase the risk of anemia.

Q: What is the role of healthcare providers in preventing and treating anemia in pregnant women?

A: Healthcare providers play a crucial role in preventing and treating anemia in pregnant women by:

Providing education and counseling: Providing education and counseling to pregnant women about the risks and consequences of anemia.
Monitoring iron levels: Monitoring iron levels and overall health to identify any potential problems early.
Prescribing iron supplements: Prescribing iron supplements as needed.
Providing regular check-ups: Providing regular check-ups to monitor progress and make any necessary adjustments.

Q: What can pregnant women do to prevent anemia?

A: Pregnant women can take several steps to prevent anemia, including:

Eating a balanced diet: Eating a diet that is rich in iron, protein, and other essential nutrients.
Taking FE tablets: Taking FE tablets as recommended by your healthcare provider.
Getting regular check-ups: Getting regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your iron levels and overall health.
Avoiding smoking and excessive drinking: Avoiding smoking and excessive drinking, which can increase the risk of anemia.

Q: What are the long-term consequences of anemia in pregnant women?

A: The long-term consequences of anemia in pregnant women can include:

Increased risk of chronic diseases: Anemia can increase the risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes.
Increased risk of cognitive impairment: Anemia can increase the risk of cognitive impairment.
Increased risk of depression: Anemia can increase the risk of depression.
Increased risk of anxiety: Anemia can increase the risk of anxiety.

Q: What can healthcare providers do to prevent anemia in pregnant women?

A: Healthcare providers can take several steps to prevent anemia in pregnant women, including:

Providing education and counseling: Providing education and counseling to pregnant women about the risks and consequences of anemia.
Monitoring iron levels: Monitoring iron levels and overall health to identify any potential problems early.
Prescribing iron supplements: Prescribing iron supplements as needed.
Providing regular check-ups: Providing regular check-ups to monitor progress and make any necessary adjustments.

Q: What are the economic consequences of anemia in pregnant women?

A: The economic consequences of anemia in pregnant women can include:

Increased healthcare costs: Anemia can increase healthcare costs, particularly for hospitalizations and other medical interventions.
Increased lost productivity: Anemia can increase lost productivity, particularly for pregnant women who are unable to work due to their condition.
Increased risk of poverty: Anemia can increase the risk of poverty, particularly for pregnant women who are unable to work or earn a living wage.

Q: What can be done to reduce the economic consequences of anemia in pregnant women?

A: Several steps can be taken to reduce the economic consequences of anemia in pregnant women, including:

Providing education and counseling: Providing education and counseling to pregnant women about the risks and consequences of anemia.
Monitoring iron levels: Monitoring iron levels and overall health to identify any potential problems early.
Prescribing iron supplements: Prescribing iron supplements as needed.
Providing regular check-ups: Providing regular check-ups to monitor progress and make any necessary adjustments.

Q: What are the social consequences of anemia in pregnant women?

A: The social consequences of anemia in pregnant women can include:

Increased risk of social isolation: Anemia can increase the risk of social isolation, particularly for pregnant women who are unable to participate in social activities due to their condition.
Increased risk of depression: Anemia can increase the risk of depression.
Increased risk of anxiety: Anemia can increase the risk of anxiety.
Increased risk of relationship problems: Anemia can increase the risk of relationship problems, particularly for pregnant women who are unable to participate in intimate relationships due to their condition.

Q: What can be done to reduce the social consequences of anemia in pregnant women?

A: Several steps can be taken to reduce the social consequences of anemia in pregnant women, including:

Providing education and counseling: Providing education and counseling to pregnant women about the risks and consequences of anemia.
Monitoring iron levels: Monitoring iron levels and overall health to identify any potential problems early.
Prescribing iron supplements: Prescribing iron supplements as needed.
Providing regular check-ups: Providing regular check-ups to monitor progress and make any necessary adjustments.

Q: What are the cultural consequences of anemia in pregnant women?

A: The cultural consequences of anemia in pregnant women can include:

Increased risk of cultural stigma: Anemia can increase the risk of cultural stigma, particularly for pregnant women who are from cultures that place a high value on physical health.
Increased risk of cultural shame: Anemia can increase the risk of cultural shame, particularly for pregnant women who are from cultures that place a high value on physical health.
Increased risk of cultural isolation: Anemia can increase the risk of cultural isolation, particularly for pregnant women who are unable to participate in cultural activities due to their condition.

Q: What can be done to reduce the cultural consequences of anemia in pregnant women?

A: Several steps can be taken to reduce the cultural consequences of anemia in pregnant women, including:

Providing education and counseling: Providing education and counseling to pregnant women about the risks and consequences of anemia.
Monitoring iron levels: Monitoring iron levels and overall health to identify any potential problems early.
Prescribing iron supplements: Prescribing iron supplements as needed.
Providing regular check-ups: Providing regular check-ups to monitor progress and make any necessary adjustments.

Q: What are the environmental consequences of anemia in pregnant women?

A: The environmental consequences of anemia in pregnant women can include:

Increased risk of environmental pollution: Anemia can increase the risk of environmental pollution, particularly for pregnant women who are exposed to pollutants in their environment.
Increased risk of environmental toxins: Anemia can increase the risk of environmental toxins, particularly for pregnant women who are exposed to toxins in their environment.
Increased risk of environmental stress: Anemia can increase the risk of environmental stress, particularly for pregnant women who are exposed to stressors in their environment.

Q: What can be done to reduce the environmental consequences of anemia in pregnant women?

A: Several steps can be taken to reduce the environmental consequences of anemia in pregnant women, including:

**Providing education