cytotoxic T cells that express CD8

Oct 13, 2025 by thesweetdesigns.com 147 views

Cyfra 21-1 and CD8 Levels in Lung Cancer Patients Not Small Cells (KPKBSK) Who Undergo Chemotherapy in Medan City

Introduction

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer and deaths worldwide. It is classified into two main types: small cell lung cancer (KPSK) and lung cancer not a small cell (KPKBSK). Given that most lung cancer cases are diagnosed in advanced stages, chemotherapy is often the first line of treatment for KPKBSK patients. In this context, the keratin brush functions as a marker of epithelium that remains expressed despite malignant transformation. Cyfra 21-1, a soluble fragment of Sitokeratin-19, has been used as a tumor marker for lung cancer not a small cell. Additionally, cytotoxic T cells that express CD8 are vital components in anticancer immune response, and play an important role in successful immune chemotherapy today.

Lung cancer is a complex and multifaceted disease that requires a comprehensive approach to treatment and management. The use of tumor markers such as Cyfra 21-1 and immune response indicators like CD8 levels can provide valuable insights into the disease progression and treatment response. In this study, we aim to determine the value of Cyfra 21-1 and CD8 levels in patients diagnosed with KPKBSK who undergo chemotherapy.

Research Purpose and Methodology

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between Cyfra 21-1 and CD8 levels in patients with KPKBSK who undergo chemotherapy. This study employed an observational design with blood sampling from KPKBSK patients in Medan City. The study aimed to obtain relevant information about tumor markers and immune responses among lung cancer patients.

The study involved 20 patients, all of whom were male. The most common type of KPKBSK was adenocarcinoma, which accounted for 60% of the total patients. The measured CD8 levels showed a minimum value of 1,5886 and a maximum of 8,5930, with an average of 3,551030. As for Cyfra 21-1 levels, the minimum value recorded was 0.3258 and a maximum of 61,7025, with an average of 17,202430.

Research Results

The results of this study showed that adenocarcinoma dominated the type of KPKBSK among men in the city of Medan. High levels of Cyfra 21-1 can indicate more aggressive tumor activity and may be related to poor prognosis. In addition, high CD8 levels indicate a more active immune response to cancer, which can be an important indicator in evaluating the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

Additional Analysis and Explanation

The results of this study provide valuable insights into Cyfra 21-1 and CD8 levels as markers in measuring therapeutic response in KPKBSK patients. With a better understanding of this biomarker, it is expected to improve the treatment strategy and improve clinical outcomes for lung cancer patients. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between biomarker levels and other clinical factors, as well as its implications for more personal and effective cancer treatment.

Conclusion

This study provides an important reference for the development of further research and clinical practice in lung cancer management, especially for KPKBSK patients in Indonesia. The results of this study can be used to improve the treatment strategy and improve clinical outcomes for lung cancer patients. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between biomarker levels and other clinical factors, as well as its implications for more personal and effective cancer treatment.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Further research is needed to explore the relationship between biomarker levels and other clinical factors.
The use of Cyfra 21-1 and CD8 levels as markers in measuring therapeutic response in KPKBSK patients should be further investigated.
The treatment strategy for KPKBSK patients should be improved based on the results of this study.
Further research is needed to explore the implications of biomarker levels for more personal and effective cancer treatment.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

The study involved a small sample size of 20 patients.
The study was conducted in a single city, Medan, and may not be representative of other populations.
The study did not investigate the relationship between biomarker levels and other clinical factors.

Future Directions

Future research should aim to explore the relationship between biomarker levels and other clinical factors, as well as its implications for more personal and effective cancer treatment. Additionally, further research is needed to improve the treatment strategy for KPKBSK patients based on the results of this study.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Cyfra 21-1 and CD8 Levels in Lung Cancer Patients Not Small Cells (KPKBSK)

Q: What is Cyfra 21-1 and CD8?

A: Cyfra 21-1 is a soluble fragment of Sitokeratin-19, which has been used as a tumor marker for lung cancer not a small cell (KPKBSK). CD8 is a marker for cytotoxic T cells, which play an important role in anticancer immune response.

Q: What is the significance of Cyfra 21-1 and CD8 levels in lung cancer patients?

A: High levels of Cyfra 21-1 can indicate more aggressive tumor activity and may be related to poor prognosis. High CD8 levels indicate a more active immune response to cancer, which can be an important indicator in evaluating the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

Q: What are the implications of this study for lung cancer patients?

A: The results of this study provide valuable insights into Cyfra 21-1 and CD8 levels as markers in measuring therapeutic response in KPKBSK patients. With a better understanding of this biomarker, it is expected to improve the treatment strategy and improve clinical outcomes for lung cancer patients.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

Q: What are the future directions for research on Cyfra 21-1 and CD8 levels in lung cancer patients?

A: Further research is needed to explore the relationship between biomarker levels and other clinical factors, as well as its implications for more personal and effective cancer treatment. Additionally, further research is needed to improve the treatment strategy for KPKBSK patients based on the results of this study.

Q: How can this study contribute to the development of more effective cancer treatments?

A: The results of this study can provide valuable insights into the use of Cyfra 21-1 and CD8 levels as markers in measuring therapeutic response in KPKBSK patients. This can lead to the development of more personalized and effective cancer treatments.

Q: What are the potential applications of this study in clinical practice?

A: The results of this study can be used to improve the treatment strategy and improve clinical outcomes for lung cancer patients. This can be achieved by using Cyfra 21-1 and CD8 levels as markers in measuring therapeutic response in KPKBSK patients.

Q: What are the potential implications of this study for public health?

Q: How can this study contribute to the development of more effective cancer treatments in Indonesia?

Q: What are the potential challenges and limitations of implementing this study in clinical practice?

A: The study involved a small sample size of 20 patients, and was conducted in a single city, Medan. The study did not investigate the relationship between biomarker levels and other clinical factors. Additionally, further research is needed to explore the implications of biomarker levels for more personal and effective cancer treatment.